Summer
WHAT TO PLANT IN DECEMBER
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Prepare the Soil: Artichokes prefer well-drained soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.5 and 8.0. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, artichokes can be planted in November, which is late spring. This timing allows the plants to establish themselves before the hotter summer months.
Planting Method: Artichokes can be grown from seeds, but they are more commonly planted as root divisions or offshoots from established plants. Plant the offshoots or root divisions at the same depth they were growing previously, spacing them about 3-4 feet apart to allow for their large growth.
Watering: Water the plants deeply and regularly, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Feeding: Fertilize artichokes with a balanced fertilizer to encourage healthy growth.
Harvesting: Artichokes are typically ready to harvest in their second year after planting when the buds are large and firm but before the flowers open. Cut the stem about 1-2 inches below the bud.
Prepare the Soil: Green beans need well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. You can add compost or organic matter to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant green beans is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 60°F.
Planting Method: Sow the seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1-2 inches deep and 2-4 inches apart in rows that are 2-3 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-1.5 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Green beans are ready to harvest about 50-60 days after planting. Pick them when they are about the size of a small pencil.
Remember, green beans need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) and they don’t do well in extreme heat. So, if you live in a very hot climate, provide some shade during the hottest part of the day.
Prepare the Soil: Beetroot prefers light, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant beetroot is from mid-April to July. However, in cooler climates, you can start sowing as early as March or as late as September.
Planting Method: Sow the seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1 inch deep and 4 inches apart in rows that are 1 foot apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, especially during dry spells, to prevent the roots from becoming woody.
Harvesting: Beetroot is ready to harvest when the size of the root is between a golf ball and a tennis ball – this is usually 90 days after planting.
Remember, beetroot needs full sun (at least 4 hours of sunlight per day) to partial shade. They can tolerate frost, but young plants can be damaged by late spring frosts.
Prepare the Soil: Capsicum prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant capsicum is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 70°F.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 18 to 24 inches apart in rows that are 24 to 36 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Capsicum is ready to harvest when they reach the size and color indicated on the seed packet or plant tag. This is usually 60-90 days after planting.
Remember, capsicum needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) and they don’t do well in extreme heat or cold.
Prepare the Soil: Celeriac, also known as celery root, prefers well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: Celeriac is typically planted in the spring. However, in Melbourne, Australia, you can plant celeriac in November for a harvest the following year, as it has a long growing season of about 120-200 days.
Planting Method: Celeriac is usually grown from seed. Start seeds indoors about 10-12 weeks before the last expected frost date. Transplant the seedlings into the garden when they are about 3 inches tall and after the risk of frost has passed, spacing them about 12 inches apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart.
Watering: Celeriac needs consistent moisture to develop its characteristic swollen root. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged.
Feeding: Fertilize celeriac with a balanced fertilizer to encourage healthy growth. You can also side-dress with compost during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest celeriac when the roots are about 3-5 inches in diameter, typically before the first hard frost. The foliage will start to die back when the roots are ready for harvest.
Prepare the Soil: Celery prefers rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant celery is in the early spring, 10-12 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last spring frost date. Transplant them 6 to 10 inches apart in rows that are 1 to 2 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week. Celery requires consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Celery is ready to harvest when the stalks are about 8 inches tall. This is usually 16-18 weeks after planting.
Remember, celery needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate partial shade. They also prefer cooler weather.
Prepare the Soil: Chillies prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, chillies are best planted in November when the risk of frost has passed and the soil has warmed up.
Planting Method: Chillies are usually grown from seeds. Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost date. Transplant the seedlings into the garden when they are about 10 cm tall and after the risk of frost has passed, spacing them about 40-50 cm apart in rows that are 50-60 cm apart.
Watering: Water the plants regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Chillies need consistent watering for the best fruit production.
Feeding: Fertilize chillies with a balanced fertilizer that is high in potassium to encourage fruiting. You can also use a slow-release fertilizer or organic options like compost or well-rotted manure.
Harvesting: Harvest chillies when they are the desired size and color. They can be picked when green or left on the plant to ripen further and change color.
Prepare the Soil: Cucumbers prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant cucumbers is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 70°F.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors 2-4 weeks before the last frost date. Plant them 1 inch deep and 36 to 60 inches apart in rows that are 4 to 6 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week. Cucumbers require consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Cucumbers are ready to harvest when they are bright medium to dark green and firm to the touch. This is usually 50-70 days after planting.
Remember, cucumbers need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) and they don’t do well in extreme heat or cold.
Prepare the Soil: Eggplants prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant eggplants is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 70°F.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 18 to 24 inches apart in rows that are 30 to 36 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Eggplants are ready to harvest when the skin is glossy and the fruit is firm. This is usually 16-24 weeks after planting.
Remember, eggplants need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) and they don’t do well in extreme cold.
Prepare the Soil: Kale prefers well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, kale can be planted in November for a summer harvest. However, keep in mind that kale prefers cooler temperatures, so it’s important to provide some shade during the hotter months or consider planting in a spot that receives partial sun.
Planting Method: Kale can be grown from seeds or transplants. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep, or start seeds indoors about 6 weeks before the last frost date and transplant them when they are about 6 inches tall. Space plants about 12-18 inches apart in rows that are 18-30 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants regularly to keep the soil evenly moist. Kale needs consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Feeding: Fertilize kale with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. You can also side-dress with compost during the growing season to provide additional nutrients.
Harvesting: Harvest kale leaves when they are about the size of your hand, starting with the outer leaves first. Younger leaves are more tender and have a milder flavor.
Prepare the Soil: Leeks prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant leeks is in the early spring, about 2-3 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors about 8-10 weeks before the outdoor planting date. Plant them 1 inch deep and 6 inches apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Leeks are ready to harvest when the stalks are about 1 inch in diameter. This is usually 100-120 days after planting.
Remember, leeks need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Lettuce prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant lettuce is in the early spring or fall. Avoid planting in the hot summer months.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors 4-6 weeks before the last spring frost date. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows that are 12 to 18 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week. Lettuce requires consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Lettuce is ready to harvest when the leaves reach your desired size. This is usually 30-60 days after planting.
Remember, lettuce needs full sun (at least 4 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate partial shade. They also prefer cooler weather.
Prepare the Soil: Parsnips prefer deep, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Remove any stones or debris that could obstruct root growth and amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, parsnips are typically planted in the early spring. However, since they have a long growing season and can tolerate cold, you can also plant them in late summer for a harvest in the following year.
Planting Method: Parsnips are grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1/2 inch deep, spacing them 2-3 inches apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart. Parsnip seeds can take up to three weeks to germinate and are best sown in cooler soil.
Watering: Water the seeds in well after planting and keep the soil consistently moist until germination. Once established, water the plants regularly to maintain even soil moisture.
Thinning: Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them to about 3-6 inches apart to allow enough room for the roots to develop.
Feeding: Parsnips generally do not require a lot of additional fertilization if planted in rich soil. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which can cause the roots to fork.
Harvesting: Parsnips take a long time to mature and are usually ready to harvest after a hard frost, which sweetens their flavor. They can be left in the ground until needed, as they can tolerate freezing and can be harvested throughout the winter.
Prepare the Soil: Pumpkins prefer well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, pumpkins are typically planted in late spring to early summer, once the soil has thoroughly warmed up. November is a suitable time to plant pumpkins in Melbourne.
Planting Method: Pumpkins are usually grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1 inch deep. Plant 2-3 seeds in mounds (hills) spaced 4-8 feet apart. Once the seedlings have germinated and grown a bit, thin them to the strongest one or two plants per mound.
Watering: Water the plants deeply and regularly, especially as they start to flower and produce fruit. Pumpkins have large leaves that can lose a lot of water through evaporation, so consistent watering is important.
Feeding: Fertilize pumpkins with a high-phosphorus fertilizer to encourage blooming and fruiting. You can also side-dress with compost or well-rotted manure during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest pumpkins before the first heavy frost, when the rind is hard and the fruit has reached its desired color. Leave a few inches of stem attached to improve storage life.
Prepare the Soil: Rhubarb prefers well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, rhubarb can be planted in late autumn to early winter, but you can also plant it in early spring. November is a bit late for planting rhubarb, as the plant prefers cooler temperatures to establish its roots. However, if the climate is mild, you may still be able to plant.
Planting Method: Rhubarb is typically grown from crowns or divisions of existing plants rather than from seed. Plant the crowns so that the top of the crown is just below the surface of the soil, spacing them about 75-90 cm (30-36 inches) apart.
Watering: Water the plants deeply at the time of planting and maintain even soil moisture throughout the growing season. Rhubarb has a deep root system and benefits from regular watering, especially during dry periods.
Feeding: Fertilize rhubarb with a balanced fertilizer or compost in early spring. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which can encourage leafy growth at the expense of the stalks.
Harvesting: It’s recommended not to harvest rhubarb in its first year to allow the plant to establish itself. In the second year, you can harvest for a period of 1-2 months, and by the third year, you can harvest for 8-10 weeks. Harvest stalks by pulling them from the base and twisting slightly.
Prepare the Soil: Rocket prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant rocket is in the early spring or fall. Avoid planting in the hot summer months.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows that are 10 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week. Rocket requires consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Rocket is ready to harvest when the leaves reach your desired size. This is usually 20-40 days after planting.
Remember, rocket needs full sun (at least 4 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate partial shade. They also prefer cooler weather.
Prepare the Soil: Spring onions prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant spring onions is in the early spring or fall.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week. Spring onions require consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Spring onions are ready to harvest when the bulbs are small and the tops are 6 inches tall. This is usually 8-10 weeks after planting.
Remember, spring onions need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate partial shade.
Prepare the Soil: Squash prefers well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, squash is typically planted in late spring to early summer, once the soil has thoroughly warmed up. November is a suitable time to plant squash in Melbourne.
Planting Method: Squash is usually grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1 inch deep. Plant 2-3 seeds in mounds (hills) spaced 3-6 feet apart for bush varieties and 6-8 feet apart for vining varieties. Once the seedlings have germinated and grown a bit, thin them to the strongest one or two plants per mound.
Watering: Water the plants deeply and regularly, especially as they start to flower and produce fruit. Squash has large leaves that can lose a lot of water through evaporation, so consistent watering is important.
Feeding: Fertilize squash with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. You can also side-dress with compost or well-rotted manure during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest summer squash when they are small and tender, usually when they are 6-8 inches long. Winter squash should be harvested when the rind is hard and they have reached their full color.
Prepare the Soil: Sweetcorn prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 5.8 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant sweetcorn is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 60°F.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1 inch deep and 4-6 inches apart in rows that are 2-3 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week. Sweetcorn requires consistent moisture for optimal growth.
Harvesting: Sweetcorn is ready to harvest when the tassels become dark and start to dry. This is usually 60-100 days after planting.
Remember, sweetcorn needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Tomatoes prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant tomatoes is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 60°F.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 2 to 4 feet apart in rows that are 4 to 5 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Tomatoes are ready to harvest when they are fully colored and slightly soft to the touch. This is usually 60-80 days after planting.
Remember, tomatoes need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) and they don’t do well in extreme cold.
Prepare the Soil: Turnips prefer well-drained, fertile soil rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, turnips can be planted in late summer to autumn for a winter harvest. However, if you’re looking to plant in November, you can still do so, as turnips have a relatively short growing season and can be harvested before the hottest part of summer.
Planting Method: Turnips are typically grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1/2 inch deep and 1 inch apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart. Thin seedlings to 4-6 inches apart once they are a few inches tall.
Watering: Water the plants regularly to keep the soil evenly moist. Turnips need consistent moisture for optimal root development.
Feeding: Fertilize turnips with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. You can also side-dress with compost during the growing season to provide additional nutrients.
Harvesting: Harvest turnips when they are about 2-3 inches in diameter for the best flavor and texture. The greens can also be harvested and are very nutritious.
Prepare the Soil: Watercress prefers a wet, boggy soil that is rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. If you don’t have a naturally moist area, you can create a watercress bed by digging a shallow trench and lining it with a few inches of compost or well-rotted manure, then keeping it consistently wet.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, watercress can be planted in spring, early summer or autumn. December, being early summer, is a suitable time to plant watercress as long as you can provide enough water to keep the soil consistently moist.
Planting Method: Watercress can be grown from seeds, stem cuttings, or transplants. Sow seeds directly into the prepared wet soil or start them in containers submerged in water. If using stem cuttings, simply place them in water until roots develop, then plant them in the soil.
Watering: Watercress must be kept in wet or even submerged conditions. It’s often grown in shallow streams or water gardens, but it can also be grown in containers as long as the soil is kept constantly wet.
Feeding: Fertilize watercress with a balanced liquid fertilizer or compost tea every few weeks to encourage lush growth.
Harvesting: Harvest watercress by cutting the stems just above the water level or soil line. It’s best to harvest before the plant flowers for the best flavor.
Prepare the Soil: Zucchini prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant zucchini is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 60°F.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1 inch deep and 36 inches apart in rows that are 3-4 feet apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Zucchini is ready to harvest when the fruits are about 6 to 8 inches long. This is usually 40-50 days after planting.
Remember, zucchini needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Cantaloupe prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, cantaloupe is typically planted in late spring to early summer, once the soil has thoroughly warmed up. November is a suitable time to plant cantaloupe in Melbourne.
Planting Method: Cantaloupe is usually grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1 inch deep. Plant 2-3 seeds in mounds (hills) spaced 2-3 feet apart for bush varieties and 3-6 feet apart for vining varieties. Once the seedlings have germinated and grown a bit, thin them to the strongest one or two plants per mound.
Watering: Water the plants deeply and regularly, especially as they start to flower and set fruit. Cantaloupe has deep roots and benefits from consistent watering, but be careful not to overwater as this can lead to root rot.
Feeding: Fertilize cantaloupe with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. You can also side-dress with compost or well-rotted manure during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest cantaloupe when the fruit easily separates from the vine with a gentle twist, which indicates that it is ripe. The skin beneath the netting will change from green to tan or yellow, and the fruit will have a sweet fragrance.
Prepare the Soil: Watermelon prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, watermelon is typically planted in late spring to early summer, once the soil has thoroughly warmed up. November is a suitable time to plant watermelon in Melbourne.
Planting Method: Watermelon is usually grown from seeds. Sow seeds directly into the garden about 1 inch deep. Plant 2-3 seeds in mounds (hills) spaced 3-4 feet apart for bush varieties and 6-10 feet apart for vining varieties. Once the seedlings have germinated and grown a bit, thin them to the strongest one or two plants per mound.
Watering: Water the plants deeply and regularly, especially as they start to flower and set fruit. Watermelon has deep roots and benefits from consistent watering, but be careful not to overwater as this can lead to root rot.
Feeding: Fertilize watermelon with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. You can also side-dress with compost or well-rotted manure during the growing season.
Harvesting: Harvest watermelon when the fruit sounds hollow when tapped and the underside where it touches the ground turns from white to a creamy yellow. The tendril closest to the fruit will also dry up and turn brown.
HERBS
Prepare the Soil: Basil prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant basil is after the last spring frost. The soil temperature should be at least 50°F.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last spring frost date. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 10-12 inches apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Basil is ready to harvest as soon as the plant has enough leaves to maintain growth. Regular harvesting or pinching of the leaves will encourage growth throughout the season.
Remember, basil needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Cardamom prefers rich, well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. It thrives in a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should retain moisture but also allow excess water to drain to prevent root rot.
Planting Time: Cardamom is a tropical plant, so in Melbourne, Australia, it would need to be planted in a controlled environment such as a greenhouse unless you have a very warm microclimate. It’s typically grown from rhizomes (underground stems) and should be planted at the start of the warm season.
Planting Method: Plant cardamom rhizomes or divisions from an existing plant about 1 to 2 inches deep, with the shoots just above the soil surface. Space the plants about 2 to 3 feet apart as they will grow into large clumps.
Watering: Cardamom requires consistent moisture and should be watered regularly, but the soil should not be waterlogged. It’s important to maintain a humid environment, especially if growing cardamom indoors or in a greenhouse.
Feeding: Fertilize cardamom with a balanced organic fertilizer during the growing season. Regular applications of compost or well-rotted manure can also help provide the nutrients it needs.
Harvesting: Cardamom pods are ready to harvest when they turn from green to yellowish-green. The entire inflorescence can be cut and the pods removed. Dry the pods in a warm, airy location out of direct sunlight.
Prepare the Soil: Coriander prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.2 and 6.8. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant coriander is in the late spring, after the last frost, and in the early fall.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 6-8 inches apart in rows that are 15 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Coriander is ready to harvest when the leaves start to mature. This is usually 3-4 weeks after planting for leaf harvest and about 45 days for seed harvest.
Remember, coriander needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate light shade.
Prepare the Soil: Chives prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant chives is in the spring, about 4-6 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors 8-10 weeks before the last spring frost date. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 8-10 inches apart in rows that are 12 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Chives are ready to harvest about 60 days after planting. Cut the leaves down to the base when harvesting.
Remember, chives need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day) but can tolerate partial shade.
Prepare the Soil: Curry leaf plants prefer well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, curry leaf plants can be planted in spring when the risk of frost has passed and the soil is warming up. November might be a bit late for planting, but if the climate is mild, you can still plant them, provided you can protect them from any unexpected cold snaps.
Planting Method: Curry leaf plants are typically grown from seed or by purchasing a small plant from a nursery. If you’re starting from seed, it can take up to two weeks for germination, and the seeds should be planted in a seed-starting mix. If you’re planting a nursery-bought sapling, dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and plant it at the same depth it was in the pot.
Watering: Water the plant regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Curry leaf plants do not like to sit in water, so ensure good drainage.
Feeding: Fertilize curry leaf plants with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. You can also use organic options like compost or well-rotted manure.
Harvesting: Harvest curry leaves by snipping off the leaflets or entire sprigs as needed. Regular harvesting encourages the plant to produce more foliage.
Prepare the Soil: Dill prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant dill is in the spring, about 2-3 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 18 inches apart in rows that are 24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Dill is ready to harvest as soon as the plant has four to five leaves. For seeds, wait until the flowers are faded and the seeds are brown.
Remember, dill needs full sun (at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Mint prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant mint is in the spring, or in the fall in frost-free climates.
Planting Method: It’s best to start with a young plant from a nursery, as mint can be difficult to grow from seed. Plant them 18-24 inches apart in rows that are 24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Mint is ready to harvest as soon as it comes up and can be harvested until the first hard freeze.
Remember, mint needs full sun to partial shade (at least 4-6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Oregano prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant oregano is in the early spring, as soon as the ground can be worked.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 6-10 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 8-10 inches apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Oregano is ready to harvest as soon as the plant begins to bud. Cut the stems down to the ground, leaving about 2 inches.
Remember, oregano needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Parsley prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant parsley is in the early spring, about 2-3 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden or start them indoors 10-12 weeks before the last spring frost date. Plant them 1/4 inch deep and 6-8 inches apart in rows that are 12-18 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Parsley is ready to harvest as soon as the plant has three segments. This is usually 70-90 days after planting.
Remember, parsley needs full sun to partial shade (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Rosemary prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. It thrives in sandy or loamy soils and does not require highly fertile soil. Amend the soil with gravel or sand to improve drainage if necessary.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, rosemary can be planted in spring or autumn. November, being late spring, is a suitable time to plant rosemary as the weather is warming up and the risk of frost is minimal.
Planting Method: Rosemary can be grown from seeds, cuttings, or transplants. Starting from cuttings or buying a small plant from a nursery is often easier and more successful than growing from seed. Plant the rosemary in a sunny spot with about 2-3 feet of space around it to accommodate its mature size.
Watering: Water the plant deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Rosemary is drought-tolerant once established and does not like to sit in wet soil.
Feeding: Rosemary does not require a lot of fertilizer. You can apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring, but too much can reduce the plant’s fragrance and flavor.
Harvesting: Harvest rosemary sprigs as needed by cutting them from the plant. Regular pruning helps to keep the plant bushy and healthy.
Prepare the Soil: Sage prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant sage is in the early spring or fall.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 6-10 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 24-36 inches apart in rows that are 24-36 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1-2 inches of water per week.
Harvesting: Sage is ready to harvest as soon as the leaves begin to fill out. This is usually 75-80 days after planting.
Remember, sage needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
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Prepare the Soil: Tarragon prefers well-drained soil that is light and fertile with a pH between 6.3 and 7.5. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting to improve fertility and drainage.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, tarragon can be planted in spring after the risk of frost has passed. November might be a bit late for planting, but if the climate is mild, you can still plant tarragon, provided you can protect it from any unexpected cold snaps.
Planting Method: Tarragon is typically grown from cuttings or division because the seeds are often not viable. Purchase a small plant from a nursery or obtain a division from an established plant. Plant tarragon in a sunny spot with good air circulation, spacing plants about 18-24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plant regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Tarragon does not like to sit in wet soil, so ensure good drainage.
Feeding: Tarragon does not require a lot of fertilizer. You can apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring, but excessive feeding can dilute the flavor of the leaves.
Harvesting: Harvest tarragon leaves as needed by snipping off sprigs. The best time to harvest is just before the plant flowers when the leaves are at their most flavorful.
Prepare the Soil: Thyme prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant thyme is in the early spring or fall.
Planting Method: Start seeds indoors 6-10 weeks before the last spring frost date, or buy young plants from a nursery. Transplant them 12-24 inches apart in rows that are 16-24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Thyme is ready to harvest as soon as the plant begins to bud. Cut the stems down to the ground, leaving about 2 inches.
Remember, thyme needs full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
FLOWERS
Prepare the Soil: Bougainvillea prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.0. It’s tolerant of poor soils but will perform best with the addition of compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and fertility.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, bougainvillea is best planted in the spring or early summer when the weather is warm and the risk of frost has passed. November is a suitable time to plant bougainvillea in Melbourne.
Planting Method: Bougainvillea can be grown from cuttings or by purchasing a small plant from a nursery. When planting, dig a hole as deep as the root ball and two to three times as wide. Gently loosen the root ball and plant it at the same depth it was in the pot. Space plants at least 4-6 feet apart to allow for mature growth.
Watering: Water the plant deeply at the time of planting. Once established, bougainvillea is quite drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot and a lack of flowering.
Feeding: Fertilize bougainvillea with a high-phosphorus fertilizer to encourage blooming. Apply the fertilizer according to the package instructions, typically every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
Pruning: Prune bougainvillea after it has finished blooming to shape the plant and promote more flowers. Bougainvillea blooms on new growth, so pruning encourages more branching and flowers.
Prepare the Soil: Chamomile prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 5.6 and 7.5. It can grow in poor soil, but adding compost or well-rotted manure will improve plant health and flower production.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, chamomile can be planted in spring after the risk of frost has passed. November, being late spring, is a suitable time to plant chamomile as the weather is warming up.
Planting Method: Chamomile can be grown from seeds, seedlings, or divisions. If planting seeds, scatter them on the surface of the soil and press them down lightly. Do not cover them with soil as they need light to germinate. Space plants or rows about 6 to 8 inches apart.
Watering: Water the seeds gently to keep the soil moist until germination, which usually occurs within 7 to 14 days. Once established, chamomile is relatively drought-tolerant but will benefit from regular watering during prolonged dry periods.
Feeding: Chamomile does not require a lot of fertilizer. If the soil is particularly poor, a light application of a balanced organic fertilizer in the spring can be beneficial.
Harvesting: Harvest chamomile flowers when they are fully open, before the petals begin to fall back. The best time to pick the flowers is in the morning after the dew has evaporated and before the sun is too hot.
Prepare the Soil: Canna lilies prefer rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. They thrive in soil that is high in organic matter, so amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, canna lilies are best planted in spring after the risk of frost has passed. November, being late spring, is a suitable time to plant canna lilies as the weather is warming up.
Planting Method: Canna lilies are typically grown from rhizomes. Plant the rhizomes horizontally, 3 to 4 inches deep, and space them about 1 to 2 feet apart. If you’re planting multiple rows, space the rows about 2 to 3 feet apart.
Watering: Water the rhizomes thoroughly after planting. Once established, canna lilies enjoy regular watering, especially during dry periods. However, avoid waterlogging the soil as this can lead to rot.
Feeding: Fertilize canna lilies with a balanced fertilizer or compost tea every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season to encourage lush foliage and vibrant blooms.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the roots cool.
Pruning: Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms. After flowering has finished for the season, cut back the foliage and stems to a few inches above the ground.
Overwintering: In cooler climates, canna lily rhizomes should be dug up before the first frost and stored in a cool, dry place over winter. In Melbourne’s milder climate, they may survive in the ground with a protective layer of mulch.
Prepare the Soil: Echinacea prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. It can tolerate poor soil conditions but thrives in soil that is rich in organic matter. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, Echinacea can be planted in autumn or early spring. Planting in November may be feasible if the weather is not too hot, as Echinacea prefers cooler temperatures to establish its roots.
Planting Method: Echinacea can be grown from seeds, seedlings, or divisions. If planting seeds, sow them 1/4 inch deep in the soil. Space plants or rows about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for mature growth.
Watering: Water the plants regularly to establish them, especially during dry spells. Once established, Echinacea is quite drought-tolerant and requires minimal watering.
Feeding: Echinacea does not require heavy fertilization. A light application of a balanced organic fertilizer in the spring can be beneficial, but too much fertilizer can lead to weak growth and fewer blooms.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the roots cool.
Pruning: Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms or leave the seed heads in place to provide food for birds and to allow the plants to self-seed.
Overwintering: Echinacea is a hardy perennial that can survive cold winters. In Melbourne, it should not require special winter care, but a layer of mulch can help protect the roots from any unexpected cold snaps.
Prepare the Soil: Lavender prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soil with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. It thrives in poor or moderately fertile soil. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure and consider adding sand or gravel to improve drainage if necessary.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, lavender is best planted in spring after the risk of frost has passed. November, being late spring, is a suitable time to plant lavender as the weather is warming up.
Planting Method: Lavender can be grown from seeds, cuttings, or transplants. Starting from cuttings or purchasing a small plant from a nursery is often easier and more successful than growing from seed. Plant lavender in a sunny spot with good air circulation, spacing plants about 18 to 24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plant deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Lavender is drought-tolerant once established and does not like to sit in wet soil.
Feeding: Lavender does not require a lot of fertilizer. If the soil is particularly poor, a light application of a balanced organic fertilizer in the spring can be beneficial.
Pruning: Prune lavender in early spring or after flowering to shape the plant and prevent it from becoming woody. Cut back about one-third of the plant, being careful not to cut into the old wood where there are no leaves.
Prepare the Soil: Marigolds prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Add compost or well-rotted manure to improve soil fertility.
Planting Time: The best time to plant marigolds is in the late spring, after the last frost.
Planting Method: Sow seeds directly into the garden after the last frost. Plant them 1 inch deep and 8-18 inches apart in rows that are 18-24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the plants thoroughly after planting. Then, water regularly, giving the plants 1 inch of water per week.
Harvesting: Marigolds are grown for their flowers, which can be enjoyed from late spring to the first frost. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms.
Remember, marigolds need full sun (at least 6 hours of sunlight per day).
Prepare the Soil: Nasturtiums prefer well-drained soil with moderate fertility and a pH between 6.0 and 8.0. They can thrive in poor soils and often do better without the addition of organic matter or fertilizers, as overly rich soil can promote more foliage than flowers.
Planting Time: In Melbourne, Australia, nasturtiums can be planted in spring after the risk of frost has passed. November, being late spring, is a suitable time to plant nasturtiums as the weather is warming up.
Planting Method: Nasturtiums are typically grown from seeds. Plant the seeds about 1/2 inch deep directly in the garden or in containers. Space the seeds about 10 to 12 inches apart. If planting in rows, space the rows about 18 to 24 inches apart.
Watering: Water the seeds gently to keep the soil moist until germination, which usually occurs within 7 to 10 days. Once established, nasturtiums are quite drought-tolerant and require minimal watering.
Feeding: Nasturtiums do not require fertilization and can actually produce fewer blooms if the soil is too rich. If the soil is extremely poor, a light application of a balanced fertilizer at planting time may be beneficial.
Harvesting: Harvest nasturtium flowers and leaves as needed. Both are edible and have a peppery flavor, making them a colorful and tasty addition to salads.
